Comparison of Hematological Profile and Biochemical Markers of COVID-19 among Survivors and Non-Survivors of COVID-19 Patients in Eastern Region of Libya

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The primary objective of this investigation was to examine various parameters that have the potential to serve as predictors of mortality in patients who have received a diagnosis of COVID-19 while hospitalized. Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, individuals who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 while in the hospital were included as participants. These patients were subsequently categorized into two distinct groups. Group 1, referred to as survivors, consisted of those patients who managed to overcome the illness, whereas Group 2, known as non-survivors, encompassed those patients who unfortunately succumbed to the disease. A comparative analysis was then undertaken to assess the laboratory findings of both groups. Results: Out of the total 200 patients included in this study, a significant majority of 128 individuals (equating to 64%) were able to survive the ordeal, while a smaller proportion of 72 patients (36 %) were unable to overcome the disease. It was revealed that non-survivor patients exhibited elevated heart rates, along with diminished peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The levels of white blood cells (WBC), lactate, D-dimer, C - reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and serum potassium were observed to be elevated, while the levels of lymphocytes and platelets were observed to be reduced in patients who did not survive. Conclusion: COVID-19 is a severe illness with a mortality risk that can be estimated by evaluating the clinical and laboratory tests of patients. The measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) prior to initiating oxygen therapy, the levels of lymphocytes, and the laboratory findings all serve as significant predictors of mortality risk.

Keywords: COVID-19,  Oxygen saturation, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Heart rate, haematological marker, survivor, non-survivor Age, and Mortality